{"data":{"records":[{"id":"obligation-ada-title-iii-42-u-s-c-12182","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal)","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","status":"in-force","summary":"None named in statute; courts apply WCAG 2.0/2.1 AA de facto. DOJ has never issued a Title III web technical standard. required of Private 'places of public accommodation' (12 enumerated categories). No size/turnover threshold.","source_url":"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/12182","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","in_force_date":"1992-01-26","standard":"None named in statute; courts apply WCAG 2.0/2.1 AA de facto. DOJ has never issued a Title III web technical standard.","applies_to":"Private 'places of public accommodation' (12 enumerated categories). No size/turnover threshold.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | e-commerce","exemptions":"No statutory web exemption. 'Undue burden' and 'fundamental alteration' defenses exist generally.","penalty_max":"No private damages under Title III (injunctive relief + attorneys' fees). DOJ civil penalties up to 75,000 first violation / 150,000 subsequent.","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-ada-title-ii-28-cfr-part-35-2024-web-","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal)","instrument":"ADA Title II, 28 CFR Part 35 (2024 web rule, 35.200)","status":"in-force","summary":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA required of State and local government entities (public entities).","source_url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/web-rule.pdf","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"ADA Title II, 28 CFR Part 35 (2024 web rule, 35.200)","in_force_date":"2024-06-24 (rule effective); compliance by entity size (see notes)","standard":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA","applies_to":"State and local government entities (public entities).","covers":"websites | mobile-apps","exemptions":"Archived web content; preexisting conventional electronic documents; third-party content not posted by/for the public entity; individualized password-protected documents; preexisting social media posts. Also fundamental alteration / undue burden.","penalty_max":"No fixed monetary penalty; enforced via DOJ action and private suit for injunctive relief.","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-section-508-rehabilitation-act-29-u-s","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal)","instrument":"Section 508, Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. 794d (2017 Refresh, 36 CFR 1194)","status":"in-force","summary":"WCAG 2.0 Level AA (incorporated by reference) required of US federal agencies (development, procurement, maintenance, use of ICT).","source_url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ict/","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Section 508, Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. 794d (2017 Refresh, 36 CFR 1194)","in_force_date":"2018-01-18 (compliance required)","standard":"WCAG 2.0 Level AA (incorporated by reference)","applies_to":"US federal agencies (development, procurement, maintenance, use of ICT).","covers":"websites | documents | hardware | mobile-apps","exemptions":"Safe Harbor: legacy ICT compliant with prior 508 standards and not altered after 2018-01-18 need not be upgraded. National security systems exempt.","penalty_max":"No monetary penalty; enforced via administrative complaint and Section 508 civil action (injunctive).","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-section-504-rehabilitation-act-hhs-20","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal)","instrument":"Section 504, Rehabilitation Act (HHS 2024 rule, 45 CFR 84)","status":"in-force","summary":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA required of Recipients of HHS federal financial assistance (hospitals, health centers, etc.).","source_url":"https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/hhs-extends-mobile-and-web-accessibility-deadline.html","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Section 504, Rehabilitation Act (HHS 2024 rule, 45 CFR 84)","in_force_date":"2024-07-08 (rule effective); WCAG deadline 2027-05-11 (>=15 employees) / 2028-05-10 (<15) after 2026 extension","standard":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA","applies_to":"Recipients of HHS federal financial assistance (hospitals, health centers, etc.).","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | documents","exemptions":"Archived web content; preexisting conventional electronic documents; third-party content; password-protected individualized documents; preexisting social media. Fundamental alteration / undue financial burden safe harbor.","penalty_max":"Loss of federal financial assistance (no fixed fine).","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-section-1557-aca-hhs-final-rule-45-cf","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal)","instrument":"Section 1557 ACA (HHS final rule, 45 CFR 92, April 2024)","status":"in-force","summary":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA (via cross-reference to Section 504 / ADA Title II) required of Health programs/activities receiving HHS funds; ACA marketplaces; HHS-administered programs.","source_url":"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ocr-dcl-section-504-section-1557-disability.pdf","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Section 1557 ACA (HHS final rule, 45 CFR 92, April 2024)","in_force_date":"2024-07-08 (effective communication provisions); WCAG deadline aligned with Section 504","standard":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA (via cross-reference to Section 504 / ADA Title II)","applies_to":"Health programs/activities receiving HHS funds; ACA marketplaces; HHS-administered programs.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | documents","exemptions":"Same content exceptions as Section 504 rule; fundamental alteration / undue burden.","penalty_max":"Loss of federal funding; enforcement by HHS OCR.","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-air-carrier-access-act-14-cfr-part-38","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal)","instrument":"Air Carrier Access Act, 14 CFR Part 382 (382.43)","status":"in-force","summary":"WCAG 2.0 Level AA required of US and foreign air carriers operating aircraft with >60 seats and having a public website marketing to US public.","source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-II/subchapter-D/part-382","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Air Carrier Access Act, 14 CFR Part 382 (382.43)","in_force_date":"2015-12-12 (core pages); 2016-12-12 (all pages)","standard":"WCAG 2.0 Level AA","applies_to":"US and foreign air carriers operating aircraft with >60 seats and having a public website marketing to US public.","covers":"websites | transport","exemptions":"Conforming alternate version permitted only if primary page conformance would be undue burden or fundamental alteration. No private right of action; DOT enforcement only.","penalty_max":"DOT civil penalty per statutory aviation penalty schedule (per-violation).","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-unruh-civil-rights-act-cal-civ-code-5","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (California)","instrument":"Unruh Civil Rights Act, Cal. Civ. Code 51 & 52","status":"unknown","summary":"None named; ADA violation = per se Unruh violation; courts apply WCAG 2.1 AA. required of All business establishments serving California residents.","source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=52.","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Unruh Civil Rights Act, Cal. Civ. Code 51 & 52","in_force_date":"1959 (Act); ADA incorporated 1992","standard":"None named; ADA violation = per se Unruh violation; courts apply WCAG 2.1 AA.","applies_to":"All business establishments serving California residents.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | e-commerce","exemptions":"Reduced statutory damages (2,000 / 1,000) for certain construction-related violations corrected promptly; not generally applicable to web.","penalty_max":"Statutory minimum 4,000 per violation, up to 3x actual damages, plus attorneys' fees.","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-hb21-1110-c-r-s-24-85-101-et-seq-exte","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Colorado)","instrument":"HB21-1110, C.R.S. 24-85-101 et seq. (extended by HB24-1454)","status":"in-force","summary":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA (OIT standard) required of Colorado state agencies and local government entities.","source_url":"https://oit.colorado.gov/standards-policies-guides/guide-to-accessible-web-services/faq-hb21-1110-colorado-laws-for-persons","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"HB21-1110, C.R.S. 24-85-101 et seq. (extended by HB24-1454)","in_force_date":"2024-07-01 (original); 2025-07-01 (grace period for good-faith efforts)","standard":"WCAG 2.1 Level AA (OIT standard)","applies_to":"Colorado state agencies and local government entities.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | documents","exemptions":"One-year grace to 2025-07-01 if good-faith efforts shown; quarterly progress reports required.","penalty_max":"Statutory fine of 3,500 per violation payable to each affected individual, plus injunctive relief / actual damages / fees under CADA.","penalty_currency":"USD"}},{"id":"obligation-european-accessibility-act-directive-","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"European Accessibility Act, Directive (EU) 2019/882 Art. 4","status":"in-force","summary":"No standard named in Directive itself (functional requirements in Annex I); EN 301 549 v3.2.1 gives presumption of conformity via harmonised standard. required of Manufacturers, importers, distributors of covered products; service providers (e-commerce, banking, e-books, electronic communications, AV media, transport ticketing). Applies regardless of company HQ if selling to EU consumers.","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/882/oj","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"European Accessibility Act, Directive (EU) 2019/882 Art. 4","in_force_date":"2025-06-28 (obligations bite for new products/services); transitional to 2030-06-28 for existing service contracts; self-service terminals up to 20 years","standard":"No standard named in Directive itself (functional requirements in Annex I); EN 301 549 v3.2.1 gives presumption of conformity via harmonised standard.","applies_to":"Manufacturers, importers, distributors of covered products; service providers (e-commerce, banking, e-books, electronic communications, AV media, transport ticketing). Applies regardless of company HQ if selling to EU consumers.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | e-commerce | banking | transport | hardware | documents","exemptions":"Microenterprise (fewer than 10 persons AND annual turnover or balance sheet not exceeding EUR 2 million) providing SERVICES is fully exempt (Art. 4(5)); product microenterprises get simplified administrative duties only. Disproportionate burden (Art. 14 + Annex VI criteria). Fundamental alteration. Archived content not updated after 2025-06-28.","penalty_max":"Set by each Member State ('effective, proportionate, dissuasive'). No EU-wide figure.","penalty_currency":"EUR"}},{"id":"obligation-barrierefreiheitsst-rkungsgesetz-bfsg","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"EU (Germany)","instrument":"Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz (BFSG) — EAA transposition, § 37","status":"in-force","summary":"EN 301 549 (via BFSGV / presumption of conformity); WCAG 2.1 AA baseline required of Consumer-facing products and services placed on the German market; microenterprise service exemption per EAA.","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bfsg/","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz (BFSG) — EAA transposition, § 37","in_force_date":"2025-06-28","standard":"EN 301 549 (via BFSGV / presumption of conformity); WCAG 2.1 AA baseline","applies_to":"Consumer-facing products and services placed on the German market; microenterprise service exemption per EAA.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | e-commerce | banking | hardware","exemptions":"Microenterprise service exemption; disproportionate burden.","penalty_max":"Up to EUR 100,000 (§ 37 BFSG); up to EUR 10,000 for inaccurate accessibility information.","penalty_currency":"EUR"}},{"id":"obligation-eaa-transposition-real-decreto-ley","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"EU (Spain)","instrument":"EAA transposition (Real Decreto / Ley)","status":"in-force","summary":"EN 301 549 v3.2.1 / WCAG 2.1 AA required of Covered products and services offered to Spanish consumers.","source_url":"https://www.boe.es/","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"EAA transposition (Real Decreto / Ley)","in_force_date":"2025-06-28","standard":"EN 301 549 v3.2.1 / WCAG 2.1 AA","applies_to":"Covered products and services offered to Spanish consumers.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | e-commerce | banking","exemptions":"Microenterprise service exemption; disproportionate burden.","penalty_max":"Reported highest confirmed EU fixed maximum, up to EUR 1,000,000 for very serious violations; operational ban up to 2 years for repeated very serious violations (per multiple law-firm analyses — verify against final Spanish law).","penalty_currency":"EUR"}},{"id":"obligation-web-accessibility-directive-directive","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Web Accessibility Directive, Directive (EU) 2016/2102 Art. 4-8","status":"unknown","summary":"EN 301 549 v3.2.1 (WCAG 2.1 AA), presumption of conformity required of Public sector bodies of EU Member States.","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32016L2102","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Web Accessibility Directive, Directive (EU) 2016/2102 Art. 4-8","in_force_date":"Websites: new 2019-09-23, existing 2020-09-23; mobile apps 2021-06-23","standard":"EN 301 549 v3.2.1 (WCAG 2.1 AA), presumption of conformity","applies_to":"Public sector bodies of EU Member States.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | documents","exemptions":"Disproportionate burden (Art. 5); exempted content types (live media, third-party content, archives, office file formats pre-2018-09-23, online maps).","penalty_max":"Set by Member State; requires accessibility statement + feedback mechanism + triennial monitoring/reporting to Commission (first report due 2021-12-23).","penalty_currency":"EUR"}},{"id":"obligation-equality-act-2010-ss-20-29","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"UK","instrument":"Equality Act 2010 ss.20, 29","status":"in-force","summary":"None named; WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA applied as reasonable-adjustment benchmark. required of Service providers (public and private) offering services to the public.","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/section/20","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Equality Act 2010 ss.20, 29","in_force_date":"2010-10-01","standard":"None named; WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA applied as reasonable-adjustment benchmark.","applies_to":"Service providers (public and private) offering services to the public.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | e-commerce","exemptions":"Adjustments must be 'reasonable'; no fixed threshold.","penalty_max":"Uncapped damages via county court claim (compensation for discrimination); enforced by EHRC.","penalty_currency":"GBP"}},{"id":"obligation-public-sector-bodies-websites-and-mob","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"UK","instrument":"Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/952)","status":"unknown","summary":"WCAG 2.2 AA (GDS monitoring for 2.2 from Oct 2024); regulations reference EN 301 549 / latest WCAG. required of UK public sector bodies.","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/952/contents","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/952)","in_force_date":"Websites: existing 2020-09-23; mobile apps 2021-06-23","standard":"WCAG 2.2 AA (GDS monitoring for 2.2 from Oct 2024); regulations reference EN 301 549 / latest WCAG.","applies_to":"UK public sector bodies.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | documents","exemptions":"Disproportionate burden; exempted content (live media, archives, third-party, office files pre-2018-09-23, maps). Partial exemptions for some non-govt public bodies, schools/nurseries (except core content).","penalty_max":"No fixed fine; failure treated as failure to make reasonable adjustment under Equality Act; GDS/CDDO monitoring, EHRC enforcement.","penalty_currency":"GBP"}},{"id":"obligation-accessible-canada-act-s-c-2019-c-10-a","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"Canada (Federal)","instrument":"Accessible Canada Act (S.C. 2019, c. 10) & Accessible Canada Regulations (SOR/2021-241)","status":"in-force","summary":"CAN/ASC-EN 301 549:2024 (incorporates WCAG 2.1 AA) required of Federally regulated entities (banking, telecom, transport, federal government, Crown corps); plan/report obligations for entities with 10+ employees.","source_url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/A-0.6/","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Accessible Canada Act (S.C. 2019, c. 10) & Accessible Canada Regulations (SOR/2021-241)","in_force_date":"2019-07-11 (Act); ICT standard CAN/ASC-EN 301 549 referenced 2024","standard":"CAN/ASC-EN 301 549:2024 (incorporates WCAG 2.1 AA)","applies_to":"Federally regulated entities (banking, telecom, transport, federal government, Crown corps); plan/report obligations for entities with 10+ employees.","covers":"websites | mobile-apps | banking | transport | hardware","exemptions":"Small entities have reduced planning/reporting cadence.","penalty_max":"Administrative monetary penalties up to CAD 250,000 per violation (ACA s.79).","penalty_currency":"CAD"}},{"id":"obligation-aoda-o-reg-191-11-integrated-accessib","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"Canada (Ontario)","instrument":"AODA, O. Reg. 191/11 (Integrated Accessibility Standards) s.14","status":"unknown","summary":"WCAG 2.0 Level AA (excluding 1.2.4 live captions and 1.2.5 audio description) required of Public sector organizations and private/non-profit organizations with 50+ employees in Ontario.","source_url":"https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/110191","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"AODA, O. Reg. 191/11 (Integrated Accessibility Standards) s.14","in_force_date":"Large orgs / public sector: all web content WCAG 2.0 AA by 2021-01-01 (new content from 2014-01-01)","standard":"WCAG 2.0 Level AA (excluding 1.2.4 live captions and 1.2.5 audio description)","applies_to":"Public sector organizations and private/non-profit organizations with 50+ employees in Ontario.","covers":"websites | documents","exemptions":"Orgs with fewer than 50 employees exempt from web content standard; content published before 2012 outside scope unless significantly refreshed.","penalty_max":"Up to CAD 100,000 per day for corporations; CAD 50,000 per day for individuals/unincorporated orgs and directors/officers.","penalty_currency":"CAD"}},{"id":"obligation-disability-discrimination-act-1992-ct","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"Australia","instrument":"Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth) s.24","status":"in-force","summary":"None named; WCAG 2.x AA applied; Maguire v SOCOG precedent. required of Providers of goods, services and facilities to the public.","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2018C00125","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"obligation","instrument":"Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth) s.24","in_force_date":"1993-03-01","standard":"None named; WCAG 2.x AA applied; Maguire v SOCOG precedent.","applies_to":"Providers of goods, services and facilities to the public.","covers":"websites | e-commerce","exemptions":"Unjustifiable hardship defense.","penalty_max":"Compensation via Federal Court after AHRC complaint; no fixed statutory maximum.","penalty_currency":"AUD"}},{"id":"enforcement-accessibe-inc-accesswidget","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal)","instrument":"FTC Act §5; deceptive marketing of accessibility overlay","status":"in-force","summary":"Federal Trade Commission (Docket C-4817, File 2223156) v accessiBe Inc. (accessWidget) — settled (consent order, no admission): Overlay failed to make menus, headings, tables, images, recordings compliant with WCAG; missing/inaccurate alt text, missing focus indicator, keyboard traps, incorrect heading levels; deceptive formatting of paid endorsements as impartial reviews.","source_url":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-approves-final-order-requiring-accessibe-pay-1-million","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"FTC Act §5; deceptive marketing of accessibility overlay","authority":"Federal Trade Commission (Docket C-4817, File 2223156)","target":"accessiBe Inc. (accessWidget)","decision_date":"2025-04-21 (final order; proposed 2025-01-03)","outcome":"settled (consent order, no admission)","penalty":1000000,"currency":"USD","barrier":"Overlay failed to make menus, headings, tables, images, recordings compliant with WCAG; missing/inaccurate alt text, missing focus indicator, keyboard traps, incorrect heading levels; deceptive formatting of paid endorsements as impartial reviews.","notes":"Final order passed on a unanimous 5-0 FTC vote; bars accessiBe from claiming its automated products can make any website WCAG-compliant or ensure continued compliance without supporting evidence; 20-year term. Chair-elect Ferguson and Commissioner Holyoak wrote separately calling the conduct deceptive."}},{"id":"enforcement-eyebobs-llc","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Pennsylvania)","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182 + overlay","status":"in-force","summary":"US District Court, W.D. Pennsylvania (Erie), No. 1:21-cv-00017-RAL v Eyebobs, LLC — consent-decree: Site had accessiBe overlay installed but screen-reader users still lacked full and equal access; overlay did not remediate underlying source-code barriers.","source_url":"https://www.adatitleiii.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2021/01/Murphy-v.-Eyebobs.pdf","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182 + overlay","authority":"US District Court, W.D. Pennsylvania (Erie), No. 1:21-cv-00017-RAL","target":"Eyebobs, LLC","decision_date":"2021-10 (consent decree approved)","outcome":"consent-decree","currency":"USD","barrier":"Site had accessiBe overlay installed but screen-reader users still lacked full and equal access; overlay did not remediate underlying source-code barriers.","notes":"Key overlay case: installing the overlay did not shield defendant from suit or moot the ADA claim. Eyebobs agreed to stop relying on the overlay, retain a consultant, and reach WCAG 2.1 AA. Resolved by class settlement, not a litigated MTD ruling. Court is W.D. Pa., NOT D. Minn. (common miscitation)."}},{"id":"enforcement-domino-s-pizza-llc","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal - 9th Cir.)","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","status":"in-force","summary":"US Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit (No. 17-55504); cert denied by SCOTUS 2019-10-07 v Domino's Pizza LLC — judgment-for-plaintiff (reversal of dismissal; remanded): Website and mobile app not compatible with screen readers; blind user could not order pizza.","source_url":"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/17-55504/17-55504-2019-01-15.html","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","authority":"US Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit (No. 17-55504); cert denied by SCOTUS 2019-10-07","target":"Domino's Pizza LLC","decision_date":"2019-01-15 (9th Cir.); cert denied 2019-10-07","outcome":"judgment-for-plaintiff (reversal of dismissal; remanded)","currency":"USD","barrier":"Website and mobile app not compatible with screen readers; blind user could not order pizza.","notes":"9th Cir. held ADA applies to website/app with a nexus to physical restaurants. SCOTUS denied cert, leaving the ruling intact — controlling precedent in the 9th Circuit. Case later settled on remand."}},{"id":"enforcement-winn-dixie-stores-inc","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal - 11th Cir.)","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","status":"in-force","summary":"US Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit (No. 17-13467) v Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. — dismissed (vacated as moot): Grocery website incompatible with screen readers; blind user could not refill prescriptions / link coupons online.","source_url":"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/17-13467/17-13467-2021-04-07.html","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","authority":"US Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit (No. 17-13467)","target":"Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc.","decision_date":"2021-04-07 (panel); vacated as moot 2021-12-28","outcome":"dismissed (vacated as moot)","currency":"USD","barrier":"Grocery website incompatible with screen readers; blind user could not refill prescriptions / link coupons online.","notes":"Panel had held websites are NOT places of public accommodation (physical places only), rejecting the nexus standard — a defense win. Vacated as moot Dec 2021 because the injunction had expired, so it is non-precedential. Illustrates the circuit split. District court had awarded plaintiff 99,879 USD in fees before reversal."}},{"id":"enforcement-acheson-hotels-llc","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal - SCOTUS)","instrument":"ADA Title III; tester standing (Reservation Rule 28 CFR 36.302(e))","status":"in-force","summary":"Supreme Court of the United States (No. 22-429), 601 U.S. 1 (2023) v Acheson Hotels, LLC — dismissed (vacated as moot, 9-0): Hotel reservation website failed to state whether accessible rooms were available (Reservation Rule).","source_url":"https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/22-429","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"ADA Title III; tester standing (Reservation Rule 28 CFR 36.302(e))","authority":"Supreme Court of the United States (No. 22-429), 601 U.S. 1 (2023)","target":"Acheson Hotels, LLC","decision_date":"2023-12-05","outcome":"dismissed (vacated as moot, 9-0)","currency":"USD","barrier":"Hotel reservation website failed to state whether accessible rooms were available (Reservation Rule).","notes":"Court did not decide the tester-standing question; dismissed as moot after Laufer voluntarily dismissed. Thomas and Jackson concurred separately. Standing question remains open."}},{"id":"enforcement-netflix-inc","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal - Massachusetts)","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","status":"in-force","summary":"US District Court, D. Massachusetts, C.A. No. 11-CV-30168-MAP, 869 F. Supp. 2d 196 v Netflix, Inc. — judgment-for-plaintiff (motion for judgment on the pleadings denied); later consent decree: 'Watch Instantly' streaming content lacked closed captions for deaf/hard-of-hearing users.","source_url":"https://dredf.org/nad-v-netflix/","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12182","authority":"US District Court, D. Massachusetts, C.A. No. 11-CV-30168-MAP, 869 F. Supp. 2d 196","target":"Netflix, Inc.","decision_date":"2012-06-19","outcome":"judgment-for-plaintiff (motion for judgment on the pleadings denied); later consent decree","currency":"USD","barrier":"'Watch Instantly' streaming content lacked closed captions for deaf/hard-of-hearing users.","notes":"Held a web-only streaming service IS a place of public accommodation even with no physical location (1st Cir. Carparts approach). Consent decree: 100% captioning of streaming catalog within ~2 years. Contrast with 9th Cir./11th Cir. nexus approaches — key circuit-split source."}},{"id":"enforcement-coca-cola-refreshments-usa-inc","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal - 5th Cir.)","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12181(7)(E)","status":"in-force","summary":"US Court of Appeals, 5th Circuit (No. 15-31018), 833 F.3d 530 v Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc. — dismissed (affirmed dismissal): Glass-front vending machines inaccessible to blind users (no tactile/audio interface).","source_url":"https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/15/15-31018-CV0.pdf","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"ADA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 12181(7)(E)","authority":"US Court of Appeals, 5th Circuit (No. 15-31018), 833 F.3d 530","target":"Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc.","decision_date":"2016-08-15","outcome":"dismissed (affirmed dismissal)","currency":"USD","barrier":"Glass-front vending machines inaccessible to blind users (no tactile/audio interface).","notes":"Held vending machines are not 'sales establishments' / places of public accommodation, but left open that the host venue (hospital/bus station) could be liable. Defense win illustrating the 'physical place' limit."}},{"id":"enforcement-scandinavian-airlines-system-sas","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal - DOT)","instrument":"ACAA, 14 CFR Part 382 (382.43) + 49 U.S.C. 41712","status":"in-force","summary":"US Department of Transportation, Office of Aviation Enforcement v Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) — consent-decree: Created a separate 'assistive' website for disabled users instead of making the primary website WCAG 2.0 AA conformant, contrary to 382.43(c)(3).","source_url":"https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer/passengers-disabilities","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"ACAA, 14 CFR Part 382 (382.43) + 49 U.S.C. 41712","authority":"US Department of Transportation, Office of Aviation Enforcement","target":"Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS)","decision_date":"2018 (consent order)","outcome":"consent-decree","penalty":200000,"currency":"USD","barrier":"Created a separate 'assistive' website for disabled users instead of making the primary website WCAG 2.0 AA conformant, contrary to 382.43(c)(3).","notes":"Total civil penalty USD 200,000, of which USD 100,000 could be credited/offset. Overlay-adjacent lesson: a separate/alternate accessible version is not compliant unless primary conformance is an undue burden."}},{"id":"enforcement-audioeye-inc","dataset":"accessibility","jurisdiction":"US (Federal - securities)","instrument":"Securities Exchange Act (financial restatement)","status":"in-force","summary":"US District Court, D. Arizona, No. 4:15-cv-00163 v AudioEye, Inc. — settled: N/A — accounting/financial-restatement securities class action, NOT an accessibility-product efficacy claim.","source_url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001362190/000114420416115786/v445705_ex99-1.htm","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"row_type":"enforcement","instrument":"Securities Exchange Act (financial restatement)","authority":"US District Court, D. Arizona, No. 4:15-cv-00163","target":"AudioEye, Inc.","decision_date":"2016-08-02 (settlement in principle); fairness hearing 2017-05-08","outcome":"settled","penalty":1525000,"currency":"USD","barrier":"N/A — accounting/financial-restatement securities class action, NOT an accessibility-product efficacy claim.","notes":"Included to correct a common conflation: the AudioEye securities suit concerned its 2015 financial restatement, not overlay/accessibility marketing. No securities class action over accessibility-compliance claims was found."}}],"total":26,"coverage":{"corpus_total":26,"matched":26,"jurisdictions_in_corpus":["Australia","Canada (Federal)","Canada (Ontario)","EU","EU (Germany)","EU (Spain)","UK","US (California)","US (Colorado)","US (Federal - 11th Cir.)","US (Federal - 5th Cir.)","US (Federal - 9th Cir.)","US (Federal - DOT)","US (Federal - Massachusetts)","US (Federal - SCOTUS)","US (Federal - securities)","US (Federal)","US (Pennsylvania)"],"by_status":{"in-force":22,"unknown":4},"source_health":{"verified":21,"blocked":5},"dead_rules_included":0},"as_of":"2026-07-28","interpretation":"Reference data, not legal advice. Every row cites a primary source — legislative text, a regulator document, or a court opinion — and records whether that URL resolved when the corpus was built; \"blocked\" means the host refuses automated checkers, not that the citation is bad. Rows marked not_live_law were vacated, superseded, or never took effect, and are included deliberately: a rule wrongly believed to be in force is the most expensive error in this area. Verify against the cited source before relying on any row."},"_meta":{"request_id":"req_5d161e4f15ce40efbff8adabf34685d5","product":"legal/accessibility","version":"1.0.0","receipt_id":null,"cost":{"quoted":0,"charged":0,"currency":"USD","display":"0.000000"},"cache":{"hit":true,"age_s":25508},"provenance":{"sourcing_class":"B","upstream":["internal:legal-corpus@2026-07"],"fetched_at":"2026-10-13T10:43:35.450Z","license":"proprietary"},"freshness":{"as_of":"2026-07-28","staleness_s":25508},"confidence":1}}