{"data":{"records":[{"id":"us-rosca-8403","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"Restore Online Shoppers' Confidence Act, 15 U.S.C. §8403","status":"in-force","summary":"For internet sales with a negative-option feature, the seller must (1) clearly and conspicuously disclose all material terms before obtaining billing information, (2) obtain express informed consent before charging, and (3) provide a simple mechanism to stop recurring charges. The FTC interprets the simple-mechanism requirement to mean cancellation at least as easy as sign-up and through the same medium; no numeric reminder windows are specified in the statute.","source_url":"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/8403","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-rosca-8403","topic":"express-consent","instrument":"Restore Online Shoppers' Confidence Act, 15 U.S.C. §8403","in_force_date":"2010-12-29","status":"in-force","requirement":"For internet sales with a negative-option feature, the seller must (1) clearly and conspicuously disclose all material terms before obtaining billing information, (2) obtain express informed consent before charging, and (3) provide a simple mechanism to stop recurring charges. The FTC interprets the simple-mechanism requirement to mean cancellation at least as easy as sign-up and through the same medium; no numeric reminder windows are specified in the statute.","applies_when":"Online (internet) transactions with a negative-option/auto-renewal/free-to-pay feature sold to consumers; no dollar threshold.","penalty_max":"53088","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — FTC v. Chegg, Sept. 15, 2025, $7.5M consumer redress; FTC alleged Chegg continued billing ~200,000 consumers after cancellation attempts","source_type":"legislative text (US Code)","notes":"Per-violation civil penalty is the FTC Act figure ($53,088 effective 2025-01-17 per 16 CFR 1.98). ROSCA is the principal surviving federal negative-option law after the 2024 FTC rule was vacated."}},{"id":"us-ftc-negopt-1973","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"FTC Prenotification Negative Option Rule (original 1973 rule, formerly 16 C.F.R. Part 425)","status":"in-force","summary":"Governs prenotification negative-option plans (e.g., book/record clubs) — sellers must disclose material terms, honor cancellation, and ship only after the consumer fails to decline a periodic announcement. Far narrower than the 2024 overhaul.","source_url":"https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/rules/negative-option-rule","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-ftc-negopt-1973","topic":"express-consent","instrument":"FTC Prenotification Negative Option Rule (original 1973 rule, formerly 16 C.F.R. Part 425)","in_force_date":"1973","status":"in-force","requirement":"Governs prenotification negative-option plans (e.g., book/record clubs) — sellers must disclose material terms, honor cancellation, and ship only after the consumer fails to decline a periodic announcement. Far narrower than the 2024 overhaul.","applies_when":"Prenotification/continuity plans where periodic announcements are sent and silence is treated as acceptance.","penalty_max":"53088","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"false","source_type":"regulator page","notes":"Status of the currently-operative text is unsettled after the 8th Circuit set aside the 2024 amendments codified at 16 CFR Part 425; commentators (WilmerHale, Dickinson Wright) state the pre-2024 (1973) prenotification rule remains in place. Treat exact operative CFR text as unverified pending FTC republication — primary republished text not located."}},{"id":"us-tsr-negopt","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"Telemarketing Sales Rule, 16 C.F.R. §310.4(a)(7) (2024 amendments)","status":"in-force","summary":"In telemarketing, negative-option features require clear disclosure of material terms and the consumer's express informed consent before charging; 2024 TSR amendments expanded recordkeeping and prohibited misrepresentations.","source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-310","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-tsr-negopt","topic":"express-consent","instrument":"Telemarketing Sales Rule, 16 C.F.R. §310.4(a)(7) (2024 amendments)","in_force_date":"2024","status":"in-force","requirement":"In telemarketing, negative-option features require clear disclosure of material terms and the consumer's express informed consent before charging; 2024 TSR amendments expanded recordkeeping and prohibited misrepresentations.","applies_when":"Telemarketing (inbound/outbound telephone) sales with a negative-option feature.","penalty_max":"53088","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — FTC actively enforces the TSR","source_type":"legislative text (eCFR)","notes":"Distinct from and unaffected by the Part 425 vacatur. Verify exact 310.4(a)(7) subsection numbering against current eCFR before relying."}},{"id":"us-ftc-fees-464","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"FTC Rule on Unfair or Deceptive Fees, 16 C.F.R. Part 464 (§§464.1–464.5)","status":"in-force","summary":"Businesses must clearly and conspicuously disclose the total price (all mandatory fees/charges except government charges and shipping) whenever a price is offered/displayed/advertised, and must display total price more prominently than other pricing information; must not misrepresent the nature/purpose/amount/refundability of any fee.","source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-464","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-ftc-fees-464","topic":"all-in-pricing","instrument":"FTC Rule on Unfair or Deceptive Fees, 16 C.F.R. Part 464 (§§464.1–464.5)","in_force_date":"2025-05-12","status":"in-force","requirement":"Businesses must clearly and conspicuously disclose the total price (all mandatory fees/charges except government charges and shipping) whenever a price is offered/displayed/advertised, and must display total price more prominently than other pricing information; must not misrepresent the nature/purpose/amount/refundability of any fee.","applies_when":"Scope narrowed at finalization to live-event ticketing and short-term lodging only (including third-party platforms, resellers, travel agents). Does not preempt greater state protection.","penalty_max":"53088","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — enforcement authority active since 2025-05-12; FTC published business-compliance FAQs","source_type":"legislative text (eCFR)","notes":"Effective 2025-05-12 (120 days after Federal Register publication). Originally proposed economy-wide (2022/2023) but the December 2024 final rule was cut back to tickets + lodging. No vacatur found as of 2026-07-28."}},{"id":"us-ftc-act-5","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"FTC Act §5, 15 U.S.C. §45","status":"in-force","summary":"Prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce; used case-by-case to challenge deceptive subscription sign-up, hidden fees, and hard-to-cancel practices. No specific numeric requirements.","source_url":"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/45","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-ftc-act-5","topic":"pre-checkout-disclosure","instrument":"FTC Act §5, 15 U.S.C. §45","in_force_date":"1938","status":"in-force","requirement":"Prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce; used case-by-case to challenge deceptive subscription sign-up, hidden fees, and hard-to-cancel practices. No specific numeric requirements.","applies_when":"All commerce; consumer and (via UDAP) many business contexts.","penalty_max":"53088","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — primary residual federal tool after Part 425 vacatur","source_type":"legislative text (US Code)","notes":"Post-Loper Bright, FTC must act without Chevron deference; case-by-case rather than rule-based."}},{"id":"ca-arl-17600","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — California","instrument":"California Automatic Renewal Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §§17600–17606 (as amended by AB 2863, amending §§17601, 17602)","status":"in-force","summary":"Clear-and-conspicuous pre-checkout disclosure of terms; express affirmative consent (no contract language that undermines consent); records of consent kept ≥3 years (or 1 year after termination, whichever longer); annual reminder for renewals; clear-and-conspicuous notice of material price/service changes; 'click-to-cancel' in the same medium used to subscribe (a business may present a retention offer only if it prominently and proximately displays a button that immediately effectuates cancellation on the same page). 'Clearly and conspicuous' since 2025-07-01 means larger/contrasting type.","source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2863","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"ca-arl-17600","topic":"cancellation-method","instrument":"California Automatic Renewal Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §§17600–17606 (as amended by AB 2863, amending §§17601, 17602)","in_force_date":"2025-07-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"Clear-and-conspicuous pre-checkout disclosure of terms; express affirmative consent (no contract language that undermines consent); records of consent kept ≥3 years (or 1 year after termination, whichever longer); annual reminder for renewals; clear-and-conspicuous notice of material price/service changes; 'click-to-cancel' in the same medium used to subscribe (a business may present a retention offer only if it prominently and proximately displays a button that immediately effectuates cancellation on the same page). 'Clearly and conspicuous' since 2025-07-01 means larger/contrasting type.","applies_when":"Contracts entered into, amended, or extended on/after 2025-07-01; expanded to cover free-to-pay conversions (free trials); consumer transactions.","penalty_max":"unspecified — civil penalties under UCL/CLRA and full refund liability","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — California Automatic Renewal Task Force (CART): $7.5M HelloFresh settlement (Aug. 2025, LA & Santa Clara DAs); Thrive Market settlement approved Apr. 30, 2024 (Santa Barbara Cty. Superior Ct., ~$1.1M penalties/costs + $450K restitution)","source_type":"legislative text (California Legislative Information)","notes":"Often treated with New York as the 'highest common denominator' for nationwide compliance. AB 2863 signed 2024-09-24. Note: earliest coverage erroneously stated a Jan 1, 2025 date; the operative/applicability date is 2025-07-01."}},{"id":"ca-sb478-1770","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — California","instrument":"California Honest Pricing Law (SB 478), Cal. Civ. Code §1770(a)(29); restaurant carve-out SB 1524 (§1770(a)(29)(D)(ii))","status":"in-force","summary":"Unlawful to advertise/list a price that does not include all mandatory fees or charges, other than government taxes and reasonable shipping. Since 2024-07-01. SB 1524 exempts a mandatory fee/charge for individual food or beverage items sold by a restaurant, bar, food concession, grocery store, or grocery delivery service, so long as the fee is clearly and conspicuously displayed with an explanation of its purpose (exemption does not apply to food-delivery platforms).","source_url":"https://oag.ca.gov/hiddenfees","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"ca-sb478-1770","topic":"all-in-pricing","instrument":"California Honest Pricing Law (SB 478), Cal. Civ. Code §1770(a)(29); restaurant carve-out SB 1524 (§1770(a)(29)(D)(ii))","in_force_date":"2024-07-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"Unlawful to advertise/list a price that does not include all mandatory fees or charges, other than government taxes and reasonable shipping. Since 2024-07-01. SB 1524 exempts a mandatory fee/charge for individual food or beverage items sold by a restaurant, bar, food concession, grocery store, or grocery delivery service, so long as the fee is clearly and conspicuously displayed with an explanation of its purpose (exemption does not apply to food-delivery platforms).","applies_when":"Most consumer goods/services in California; restaurant/bar/grocery exemption per SB 1524.","penalty_max":"unspecified — CLRA remedies incl. actual damages, injunctive relief, min $1,000 statutory in class claims","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — California AG issued guidance (oag.ca.gov/hiddenfees)","source_type":"regulator guidance (California AG)","notes":"SB 1524 signed 2024-06-29, effective immediately; operative 2024-07-01. Companion AB 537 governs hotels/short-term rentals with $10,000 civil penalties."}},{"id":"ny-gbl-527a","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — New York","instrument":"N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law §527-a","status":"in-force","summary":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosure of auto-renewal terms and affirmative consent (pre-checked boxes prohibited); retainable post-transaction acknowledgment; online cancellation if signed up online. Reminder required at least 15 days but not more than 45 days before the cancellation deadline for automatic renewals of an initial paid term of one year or longer, with cancellation instructions.","source_url":"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/527-A","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"ny-gbl-527a","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law §527-a","in_force_date":"2021-02-09 (reminder amendment eff. 2023-12-13)","status":"in-force","requirement":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosure of auto-renewal terms and affirmative consent (pre-checked boxes prohibited); retainable post-transaction acknowledgment; online cancellation if signed up online. Reminder required at least 15 days but not more than 45 days before the cancellation deadline for automatic renewals of an initial paid term of one year or longer, with cancellation instructions.","applies_when":"Consumer subscriptions; reminder trigger is an initial paid term of one year or longer. Entities regulated by the NY Public Service Commission or FCC are exempt from the reminder requirement.","penalty_max":"500 single act / 1000 multiple acts","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — enforced by NY AG","source_type":"legislative text (NY Senate)","notes":"A pending 'Click to Cancel Act' (A3928, 2025-2026 session) would broaden reminders to continuous-service charges. Modeled on California ARL. Also GBL §396-x governs credit-card surcharge/price posting."}},{"id":"il-acra-601","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — Illinois","instrument":"Illinois Automatic Contract Renewal Act, 815 ILCS 601/10","status":"in-force","summary":"For a specified term of 12 months or more that auto-renews for a specified term of more than one month, written notice of the automatic renewal must be provided no less than 30 days and no more than 60 days before the cancellation deadline. P.A. 103-919 (eff. 2025-01-01) adds subsection (a-5): for free trials/promotional periods lasting 15 days or longer, notify the consumer no less than 3 days before the cancellation deadline.","source_url":"https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=2801&ChapterID=67","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"il-acra-601","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"Illinois Automatic Contract Renewal Act, 815 ILCS 601/10","in_force_date":"2012 (amended by P.A. 103-919 eff. 2025-01-01)","status":"in-force","requirement":"For a specified term of 12 months or more that auto-renews for a specified term of more than one month, written notice of the automatic renewal must be provided no less than 30 days and no more than 60 days before the cancellation deadline. P.A. 103-919 (eff. 2025-01-01) adds subsection (a-5): for free trials/promotional periods lasting 15 days or longer, notify the consumer no less than 3 days before the cancellation deadline.","applies_when":"Consumer contracts; B2B excluded. 30–60 day reminder applies to terms ≥12 months; 3-day trial reminder applies to trials ≥15 days.","penalty_max":"50000","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — violation is unlawful practice under Illinois Consumer Fraud Act","source_type":"legislative text (Illinois General Assembly)","notes":"Source note: P.A. 102-517 (1-1-22); 103-70 (1-1-24); 103-919 (1-1-25). The 30–60 day window was unchanged by the 2025 amendment."}},{"id":"co-arl-732","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — Colorado","instrument":"Colo. Rev. Stat. §6-1-732 (SB 21-142, amended by SB25-145)","status":"in-force","summary":"Clear-and-conspicuous pre-contract disclosure; reminder 25–40 days before each automatic renewal; one-step online cancellation link that does not obstruct/delay (a retention offer is allowed only alongside a same-page button that immediately effectuates cancellation). Online cancellation is mandatory if the consumer consented online.","source_url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb25-145","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"co-arl-732","topic":"cancellation-method","instrument":"Colo. Rev. Stat. §6-1-732 (SB 21-142, amended by SB25-145)","in_force_date":"2022-01-01 (SB25-145 cancellation provisions eff. 2025-08-06; consumer-definition expansion eff. 2026-02-16)","status":"in-force","requirement":"Clear-and-conspicuous pre-contract disclosure; reminder 25–40 days before each automatic renewal; one-step online cancellation link that does not obstruct/delay (a retention offer is allowed only alongside a same-page button that immediately effectuates cancellation). Online cancellation is mandatory if the consumer consented online.","applies_when":"Auto-renewal contracts offered/renewed on/after the applicable effective date. From 2026-02-16 the definition of 'consumer' expands to reach business (B2B) buyers. Utilities, banks/credit unions, insurers, FCC/FERC/PUC-regulated services, and air carriers exempt.","penalty_max":"unspecified — deceptive trade practice under Colorado Consumer Protection Act","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — enforceable by Colorado AG","source_type":"legislative text (Colorado General Assembly)","notes":"SB25-145 signed 2025-06-03. The 25–40 day reminder derives from the earlier SB 21-142/HB21-1239 framework."}},{"id":"mn-arl-325G","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — Minnesota","instrument":"Minnesota automatic-renewal law, Minn. Stat. §§325G.56–325G.63 (SF 4097)","status":"in-force","summary":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosures, affirmative consent, retainable acknowledgment, and easy cancellation; includes a provision barring a seller that has received a cancellation request from continuing to charge. Applies to contracts entered into, modified, or renewed on/after 2025-01-01.","source_url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/325G.56","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"mn-arl-325G","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"Minnesota automatic-renewal law, Minn. Stat. §§325G.56–325G.63 (SF 4097)","in_force_date":"2025-01-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosures, affirmative consent, retainable acknowledgment, and easy cancellation; includes a provision barring a seller that has received a cancellation request from continuing to charge. Applies to contracts entered into, modified, or renewed on/after 2025-01-01.","applies_when":"Consumer subscriptions in Minnesota; resembles California/New York requirements.","penalty_max":"unspecified — enforced under Minnesota consumer-protection statutes","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"unverified — no named enforcement action located","source_type":"legislative text (Minnesota Revisor)","notes":"Verify exact per-section numbering (325G.56–.63) against the Revisor before relying on individual subsections."}},{"id":"mn-junkfee-325D44","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — Minnesota","instrument":"Minn. Stat. §325D.44 subd. 1a/1b (2024 Minn. Laws ch. 111)","status":"in-force","summary":"It is a deceptive trade practice to advertise, display, or offer a price for goods or services that does not include all mandatory fees or surcharges. 'Mandatory fee' = a fee that must be paid to purchase, is not reasonably avoidable, or that a reasonable person would expect to be included. Government taxes excluded.","source_url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/325D.44","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"mn-junkfee-325D44","topic":"all-in-pricing","instrument":"Minn. Stat. §325D.44 subd. 1a/1b (2024 Minn. Laws ch. 111)","in_force_date":"2025-01-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"It is a deceptive trade practice to advertise, display, or offer a price for goods or services that does not include all mandatory fees or surcharges. 'Mandatory fee' = a fee that must be paid to purchase, is not reasonably avoidable, or that a reasonable person would expect to be included. Government taxes excluded.","applies_when":"In the course of business in Minnesota; effective 2025-06-01 for industries whose prices are regulated by the Metropolitan Airports Commission. Exemptions: certain motor-vehicle dealer fees, MPUC-regulated entities, real-estate settlement costs (except broker commissions).","penalty_max":"unspecified — Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act remedies","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"unverified — no named enforcement action located","source_type":"legislative text (Minnesota Revisor)","notes":"Correct citation is §325D.44 (NOT §325D.6851, which is commonly but incorrectly cited). A 2025 bill (SF 3225) proposed a food/beverage carve-out; final enactment status of that carve-out is unverified."}},{"id":"ut-arl-1370","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — Utah","instrument":"Utah Automatic Renewal Code, Utah Code §§13-70-101, 13-70-201, 13-70-301","status":"in-force","summary":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosure of auto-renewal terms, affirmative consent, and a cost-effective, easy cancellation mechanism for consumer auto-renewing contracts.","source_url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title13/Chapter70/13-70.html","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"ut-arl-1370","topic":"cancellation-method","instrument":"Utah Automatic Renewal Code, Utah Code §§13-70-101, 13-70-201, 13-70-301","in_force_date":"2025-01-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosure of auto-renewal terms, affirmative consent, and a cost-effective, easy cancellation mechanism for consumer auto-renewing contracts.","applies_when":"Consumer auto-renewal contracts in Utah entered/renewed on/after 2025-01-01.","penalty_max":"unspecified","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"unverified — no named enforcement action located","source_type":"legislative text (Utah Legislature)","notes":"Verify exact section text at le.utah.gov; primary text not independently fetched this cycle."}},{"id":"va-arl-207","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — Virginia","instrument":"Va. Code §59.1-207.46 (amended by HB 744)","status":"in-force","summary":"A supplier making an auto-renewal/continuous-service offer that auto-renews after a period of more than 30 days (monthly-billed programs exempt) and extends beyond 12 months must send a renewal notice 30–60 days before the cancellation deadline / end of term, disclosing that the contract auto-renews, the cancellation date, cancellation methods, and a copy of the offer provisions.","source_url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/59.1-207.46/","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"va-arl-207","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"Va. Code §59.1-207.46 (amended by HB 744)","in_force_date":"2024-07-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"A supplier making an auto-renewal/continuous-service offer that auto-renews after a period of more than 30 days (monthly-billed programs exempt) and extends beyond 12 months must send a renewal notice 30–60 days before the cancellation deadline / end of term, disclosing that the contract auto-renews, the cancellation date, cancellation methods, and a copy of the offer provisions.","applies_when":"Renewals >30 days that extend contract >12 months; applies to B2C and small-business contracts.","penalty_max":"unspecified — Virginia Consumer Protection Act remedies","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"unverified — no named enforcement action located","source_type":"legislative text (Virginia)","notes":"HB 744 signed 2024-04-04. Because some months exceed 30 days, effectively pulls in many monthly subscribers on annual reminders."}},{"id":"ma-940cmr38","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — Massachusetts","instrument":"940 CMR 38.00 (Massachusetts AG regulations on Unfair and Deceptive Fees; auto-renewal at 38.05)","status":"in-force","summary":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosure of Total Price (all mandatory fees; excludes government/shipping charges); trial-offer and negative-option disclosures; simple cancellation at least as easy as sign-up and available in the same medium used to enroll. Reminder notices: for a term longer than 31 days, a written reminder 5–30 days before the cancellation deadline; for a term of 31 days or less, repeat key disclosures at least as often as billing.","source_url":"https://www.mass.gov/doc/junk-fee-regulations-940-cmr-3800-0/download","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"ma-940cmr38","topic":"free-trial-conversion","instrument":"940 CMR 38.00 (Massachusetts AG regulations on Unfair and Deceptive Fees; auto-renewal at 38.05)","in_force_date":"2025-09-02","status":"in-force","requirement":"Clear-and-conspicuous disclosure of Total Price (all mandatory fees; excludes government/shipping charges); trial-offer and negative-option disclosures; simple cancellation at least as easy as sign-up and available in the same medium used to enroll. Reminder notices: for a term longer than 31 days, a written reminder 5–30 days before the cancellation deadline; for a term of 31 days or less, repeat key disclosures at least as often as billing.","applies_when":"Businesses advertising/marketing/selling to Massachusetts consumers; combines junk-fee and negative-option rules. Violations are unfair/deceptive acts under Chapter 93A.","penalty_max":"5000","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — enforceable by MA AG and private consumers under Ch. 93A (multiple damages + fees)","source_type":"regulator regulation (Mass.gov)","notes":"Issued by AG Campbell 2025-03-03; effective 2025-09-02. Chapter 93A penalty up to $5,000 per willful violation. Also reaches residential lease auto-renewals."}},{"id":"ny-acaa-2507","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US — New York","instrument":"N.Y. Arts & Cultural Affairs Law §25.07","status":"in-force","summary":"Ticket sellers/resellers must disclose the total cost of a ticket, inclusive of all ancillary fees, before the ticket is selected, and disclose the portion of the price that is a service charge.","source_url":"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ACA/25.07","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"ny-acaa-2507","topic":"all-in-pricing","instrument":"N.Y. Arts & Cultural Affairs Law §25.07","in_force_date":"2022-08-29","status":"in-force","requirement":"Ticket sellers/resellers must disclose the total cost of a ticket, inclusive of all ancillary fees, before the ticket is selected, and disclose the portion of the price that is a service charge.","applies_when":"Sale/resale of tickets to places of entertainment in New York.","penalty_max":"unspecified","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true — NY AG active on ticket pricing","source_type":"legislative text (NY Senate)","notes":"Verify current subsection text; all-in ticket-pricing amendments strengthened over 2022–2025."}},{"id":"eu-crd-art8-2","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Art. 8(2)","status":"in-force","summary":"For distance contracts concluded by electronic means that place the consumer under an obligation to pay, the order button/function must be labelled in an easily legible manner ONLY with 'order with obligation to pay' or a corresponding unambiguous formulation. If not, the consumer is not bound by the contract.","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0083","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-crd-art8-2","topic":"express-consent","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Art. 8(2)","in_force_date":"2014-06-13","status":"in-force","requirement":"For distance contracts concluded by electronic means that place the consumer under an obligation to pay, the order button/function must be labelled in an easily legible manner ONLY with 'order with obligation to pay' or a corresponding unambiguous formulation. If not, the consumer is not bound by the contract.","applies_when":"Electronic distance contracts with an obligation to pay; consumer contracts.","penalty_max":"varies by Member State (Art. 24 requires effective, proportionate, dissuasive penalties; up to 4% of turnover for widespread infringements under Omnibus)","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true — CJEU C-249/21 (Fuhrmann-2) confirmed 'complete booking' insufficient","source_type":"legislative text (EUR-Lex)","notes":"Transposed into Member State law (e.g., Dutch BW 6:230v(3), German BGB)."}},{"id":"eu-crd-art6-1e","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Art. 6(1)(e)","status":"in-force","summary":"Before a distance/off-premises contract is concluded, the trader must give the total price of goods/services inclusive of taxes, or the manner of calculation, plus all additional freight/delivery/postal charges (or that such charges may be payable).","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0083","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-crd-art6-1e","topic":"pre-checkout-disclosure","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Art. 6(1)(e)","in_force_date":"2014-06-13","status":"in-force","requirement":"Before a distance/off-premises contract is concluded, the trader must give the total price of goods/services inclusive of taxes, or the manner of calculation, plus all additional freight/delivery/postal charges (or that such charges may be payable).","applies_when":"All distance and off-premises consumer contracts.","penalty_max":"varies by Member State","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (EUR-Lex)","notes":"Read with Art. 8(2) for the pre-order display directly before the button."}},{"id":"eu-crd-art9","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Arts. 9–14","status":"in-force","summary":"14-day right of withdrawal for distance/off-premises contracts without giving reasons; where the trader failed to inform of the right, the period extends up to 12 months. On withdrawal, the trader must reimburse within 14 days (Art. 13).","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0083","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-crd-art9","topic":"refund-on-cancel","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Arts. 9–14","in_force_date":"2014-06-13","status":"in-force","requirement":"14-day right of withdrawal for distance/off-premises contracts without giving reasons; where the trader failed to inform of the right, the period extends up to 12 months. On withdrawal, the trader must reimburse within 14 days (Art. 13).","applies_when":"Distance/off-premises consumer contracts; exceptions in Art. 16 (e.g., fully performed services with prior express consent and acknowledgment of loss of withdrawal).","penalty_max":"varies by Member State","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (EUR-Lex)","notes":"Digital-content withdrawal can be waived under Art. 16(m) conditions."}},{"id":"eu-crd-art22","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Art. 22","status":"in-force","summary":"Before the consumer is bound, the trader must seek express consent to any extra payment beyond the agreed main contractual obligation; pre-ticked boxes / default consent cannot be used (if used, the consumer is entitled to reimbursement).","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0083","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-crd-art22","topic":"express-consent","instrument":"Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU, Art. 22","in_force_date":"2014-06-13","status":"in-force","requirement":"Before the consumer is bound, the trader must seek express consent to any extra payment beyond the agreed main contractual obligation; pre-ticked boxes / default consent cannot be used (if used, the consumer is entitled to reimbursement).","applies_when":"All consumer contracts with optional add-on charges.","penalty_max":"varies by Member State","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (EUR-Lex)","notes":"Directly relevant to drip-pricing add-ons."}},{"id":"eu-pid-art6a","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Price Indication Directive 98/6/EC, Art. 6a (added by Omnibus Directive (EU) 2019/2161)","status":"in-force","summary":"Any announcement of a price reduction must indicate the prior price, defined as the lowest price applied by the trader during a period of at least 30 days before the reduction. Member States may set shorter periods for goods on market <30 days or perishables, and special rules for progressive reductions.","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52021XC1229(06)","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-pid-art6a","topic":"reference-pricing","instrument":"Price Indication Directive 98/6/EC, Art. 6a (added by Omnibus Directive (EU) 2019/2161)","in_force_date":"2022-05-28","status":"in-force","requirement":"Any announcement of a price reduction must indicate the prior price, defined as the lowest price applied by the trader during a period of at least 30 days before the reduction. Member States may set shorter periods for goods on market <30 days or perishables, and special rules for progressive reductions.","applies_when":"Any announced price reduction on goods sold to consumers.","penalty_max":"varies by Member State","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true — CJEU (Eighth Chamber), Verbraucherzentrale Baden-Württemberg v. Aldi Süd, C-330/23 (26 Sept. 2024): a reduction must be calculated on the lowest price in the last 30 days","source_type":"regulator guidance (European Commission, with directive text)","notes":"Applies to goods, not services. Transposed into national law (e.g., German PAngV)."}},{"id":"eu-ucpd-annex1","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC, Annex I (blacklist) + Arts. 6–7","status":"in-force","summary":"Prohibits misleading actions/omissions on price (Arts. 6–7) and blacklists per-se unfair practices (Annex I) including bait advertising and false 'free' claims; used against drip pricing and free-trial traps.","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32005L0029","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-ucpd-annex1","topic":"drip-pricing","instrument":"Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC, Annex I (blacklist) + Arts. 6–7","in_force_date":"2007-12-12","status":"in-force","requirement":"Prohibits misleading actions/omissions on price (Arts. 6–7) and blacklists per-se unfair practices (Annex I) including bait advertising and false 'free' claims; used against drip pricing and free-trial traps.","applies_when":"All B2C commercial practices in the EU.","penalty_max":"up to 4% of annual turnover for cross-border widespread infringements (post-Omnibus)","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (EUR-Lex)","notes":"Omnibus Directive strengthened penalties and added digital-market items."}},{"id":"eu-uctd-9313","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Unfair Contract Terms Directive 93/13/EEC","status":"in-force","summary":"Non-negotiated consumer contract terms that cause a significant imbalance to the consumer's detriment (contrary to good faith) are non-binding; automatic-renewal/tacit-renewal clauses are assessed for fairness (indicative Annex list includes disproportionately long/automatic extensions).","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31993L0013","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-uctd-9313","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"Unfair Contract Terms Directive 93/13/EEC","in_force_date":"1994-12-31","status":"in-force","requirement":"Non-negotiated consumer contract terms that cause a significant imbalance to the consumer's detriment (contrary to good faith) are non-binding; automatic-renewal/tacit-renewal clauses are assessed for fairness (indicative Annex list includes disproportionately long/automatic extensions).","applies_when":"Standard-form consumer contracts.","penalty_max":"term is void/non-binding; Member State penalties vary","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (EUR-Lex)","notes":"Basis for national limits on auto-renewal clauses."}},{"id":"eu-dfa-proposal","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"EU","instrument":"Digital Fairness Act (proposed)","status":"enacted-not-yet-in-force","summary":"PROPOSAL ONLY — not binding. Announced 2025 as a planned EU legislative initiative targeting dark patterns, addictive design, and subscription/cancellation traps; content will be defined in a forthcoming Commission proposal.","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14245-Digital-fairness-act_en","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"eu-dfa-proposal","topic":"cancellation-method","instrument":"Digital Fairness Act (proposed)","status":"enacted-not-yet-in-force","requirement":"PROPOSAL ONLY — not binding. Announced 2025 as a planned EU legislative initiative targeting dark patterns, addictive design, and subscription/cancellation traps; content will be defined in a forthcoming Commission proposal.","applies_when":"N/A — not yet law.","penalty_max":"unspecified","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"false","source_type":"regulator page (European Commission)","notes":"Mark clearly as a proposal, not binding law. 'enacted-not-yet-in-force' is used loosely here — it is in fact pre-legislative (announced, not adopted). Verify exact URL/status before relying."}},{"id":"fr-conso-l215-1-1","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"France","instrument":"Code de la consommation, Art. L215-1-1 (Loi 2022-1158; Décret 2023-417)","status":"in-force","summary":"Where a contract was concluded electronically (or the trader offers electronic contracting at the time of cancellation), the trader must provide a free, easily accessible online functionality — labelled 'résilier votre contrat' or unambiguous equivalent — allowing the consumer to cancel in a few clicks ('résiliation en trois clics'), and confirm receipt and end date on a durable medium.","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000046190107","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"fr-conso-l215-1-1","topic":"cancellation-method","instrument":"Code de la consommation, Art. L215-1-1 (Loi 2022-1158; Décret 2023-417)","in_force_date":"2023-06-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"Where a contract was concluded electronically (or the trader offers electronic contracting at the time of cancellation), the trader must provide a free, easily accessible online functionality — labelled 'résilier votre contrat' or unambiguous equivalent — allowing the consumer to cancel in a few clicks ('résiliation en trois clics'), and confirm receipt and end date on a durable medium.","applies_when":"Consumer/non-professional contracts capable of electronic conclusion; in-progress contracts included.","penalty_max":"15000 (natural person) / 75000 (legal person)","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true — DGCCRF enforcement (compliance grace to 2023-09-01)","source_type":"legislative text (Légifrance)","notes":"Technical modalities in Arts. D215-1 to D215-3; insurance contracts under Décret 2023-182."}},{"id":"fr-conso-l215-1","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"France","instrument":"Code de la consommation, Art. L215-1 (loi Chatel)","status":"in-force","summary":"For auto-renewing consumer service contracts, the trader must inform the consumer in writing of the option not to renew no earlier than 3 months and no later than 1 month before the term (the deadline to object). If notice is late, the consumer may terminate the renewed contract at any time free of charge.","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000032224498","source_status":"blocked","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"fr-conso-l215-1","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"Code de la consommation, Art. L215-1 (loi Chatel)","in_force_date":"2008-06-28","status":"in-force","requirement":"For auto-renewing consumer service contracts, the trader must inform the consumer in writing of the option not to renew no earlier than 3 months and no later than 1 month before the term (the deadline to object). If notice is late, the consumer may terminate the renewed contract at any time free of charge.","applies_when":"Consumer service contracts with tacit renewal clauses.","penalty_max":"unspecified — reimbursement/termination remedies","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (Légifrance)","notes":"Verify the current LEGIARTI identifier; window is 1–3 months before the objection deadline."}},{"id":"de-bgb-312k","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"Germany","instrument":"Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §312k (Fair Consumer Contracts Act)","status":"in-force","summary":"Businesses offering paid continuing-obligation contracts online to consumers must provide a permanently available, directly and easily accessible 'cancellation button' labelled e.g. 'Verträge hier kündigen', leading directly to a confirmation page with a 'jetzt kündigen' button; submission itself is a valid cancellation and cannot be gated behind logins or further steps.","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__312k.html","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"de-bgb-312k","topic":"cancellation-method","instrument":"Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §312k (Fair Consumer Contracts Act)","in_force_date":"2022-07-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"Businesses offering paid continuing-obligation contracts online to consumers must provide a permanently available, directly and easily accessible 'cancellation button' labelled e.g. 'Verträge hier kündigen', leading directly to a confirmation page with a 'jetzt kündigen' button; submission itself is a valid cancellation and cannot be gated behind logins or further steps.","applies_when":"Consumer continuing-obligation contracts concluded via website/electronic commerce; excludes financial services and contracts requiring special form.","penalty_max":"consumer may terminate anytime without notice if non-compliant","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true — OLG Cologne and OLG Munich (2025) held multi-step/login-gated flows non-compliant","source_type":"legislative text (Gesetze im Internet)","notes":"German-specific, not required by EU law. Bavarian consumer center found majority of 840 sites non-compliant."}},{"id":"de-bgb-309-9","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"Germany","instrument":"BGB §309 Nr. 9 (as amended by Fair Consumer Contracts Act)","status":"in-force","summary":"In standard-form consumer contracts, tacit-renewal terms are invalid unless the renewal is for an indefinite period cancellable with max one month's notice; the initial term may not exceed 2 years, and post-renewal the contract must be terminable on one month's notice.","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__309.html","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"de-bgb-309-9","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"BGB §309 Nr. 9 (as amended by Fair Consumer Contracts Act)","in_force_date":"2022-03-01","status":"in-force","requirement":"In standard-form consumer contracts, tacit-renewal terms are invalid unless the renewal is for an indefinite period cancellable with max one month's notice; the initial term may not exceed 2 years, and post-renewal the contract must be terminable on one month's notice.","applies_when":"Standard terms in consumer continuing-obligation contracts concluded on/after 2022-03-01.","penalty_max":"clause void","penalty_currency":"EUR","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (Gesetze im Internet)","notes":"Applies to contracts concluded from 2022-03-01."}},{"id":"uk-dmcca-p4c1","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"UK","instrument":"Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024, Part 4 Chapter 1 (protection from unfair trading)","status":"in-force","summary":"Prohibits unfair commercial practices (misleading actions/omissions, aggressive practices, and Schedule 20 banned practices). Came into force 2025-04-06 (except ss.232, 234, 235 on private redress). Section 251 revoked the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008.","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/272/made","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"uk-dmcca-p4c1","topic":"pre-checkout-disclosure","instrument":"Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024, Part 4 Chapter 1 (protection from unfair trading)","in_force_date":"2025-04-06","status":"in-force","requirement":"Prohibits unfair commercial practices (misleading actions/omissions, aggressive practices, and Schedule 20 banned practices). Came into force 2025-04-06 (except ss.232, 234, 235 on private redress). Section 251 revoked the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008.","applies_when":"Trader-to-consumer commercial practices in the UK.","penalty_max":"up to 10% of global turnover (CMA direct enforcement)","penalty_currency":"GBP","enforced":"true — CMA has direct consumer-enforcement powers under DMCCA","source_type":"legislative text (legislation.gov.uk — Commencement No. 2 SI 2025/272)","notes":"SI 2025/272 made 2025-03-04. Replaces the CPRs. Conduct before 2025-04-06 remains under the old CPUTRs."}},{"id":"uk-dmcca-s230","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"UK","instrument":"Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024, s.230 (material information in invitations to purchase)","status":"in-force","summary":"In any invitation to purchase, the trader must give the total price of the product — including any mandatory fees, taxes, charges or other payments the consumer must pay — or, where it cannot reasonably be calculated in advance, how it will be calculated. This is the UK 'drip pricing' ban.","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/unfair-commercial-practices-cma207/unfair-commercial-practices","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"uk-dmcca-s230","topic":"drip-pricing","instrument":"Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024, s.230 (material information in invitations to purchase)","in_force_date":"2025-04-06","status":"in-force","requirement":"In any invitation to purchase, the trader must give the total price of the product — including any mandatory fees, taxes, charges or other payments the consumer must pay — or, where it cannot reasonably be calculated in advance, how it will be calculated. This is the UK 'drip pricing' ban.","applies_when":"Invitations to purchase directed at consumers; in force since 2025-04-06 (NOT delayed like the subscription regime).","penalty_max":"up to 10% of global turnover","penalty_currency":"GBP","enforced":"true — CMA final price-transparency guidance issued late 2025; early enforcement focused on clear cases","source_type":"regulator guidance (CMA CMA207, with statutory basis in s.230)","notes":"Some practitioners frame drip pricing via Schedule 20 banned practices; CMA/gov.uk anchors it in s.230 material-information duty. Both routes in force from 2025-04-06."}},{"id":"uk-dmcca-subscriptions","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"UK","instrument":"Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024, Part 4 Chapter 2 (subscription contracts, ss.252–276)","status":"enacted-not-yet-in-force","summary":"Will require clear pre-contract information, reminder notices before auto-renewal/end of trials, straightforward exit routes, and TWO 14-day cooling-off periods — an 'initial cooling-off period' on entering the contract and a 'renewal cooling-off period' after a free/discounted trial ends or after a 12-month+ contract auto-renews — with full or proportionate refunds. The renewal cooling-off right cannot be waived.","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-the-implementation-of-the-new-subscription-contracts-regime/outcome/government-response-to-consultation-on-the-implementation-of-the-new-subscription-contracts-regime-web-accessible-version","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"uk-dmcca-subscriptions","topic":"renewal-reminder","instrument":"Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024, Part 4 Chapter 2 (subscription contracts, ss.252–276)","status":"enacted-not-yet-in-force","requirement":"Will require clear pre-contract information, reminder notices before auto-renewal/end of trials, straightforward exit routes, and TWO 14-day cooling-off periods — an 'initial cooling-off period' on entering the contract and a 'renewal cooling-off period' after a free/discounted trial ends or after a 12-month+ contract auto-renews — with full or proportionate refunds. The renewal cooling-off right cannot be waived.","applies_when":"Consumer subscription contracts for goods/services/digital content for payment (excludes free services, data-only, financial services, and certain charitable/cultural/heritage memberships). Detail to come in secondary legislation.","penalty_max":"up to 10% of global turnover (once in force)","penalty_currency":"GBP","enforced":"false — not yet in force","source_type":"regulator/government statement (DBT consultation response, 2026-04-02)","notes":"Commencement delayed: originally spring 2026 → autumn 2026 → now spring 2027 per DBT response published 2026-04-02. Secondary legislation still to be made as of 2026-07-28."}},{"id":"us-fcc-allin-76310","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"FCC All-In Pricing rule, 47 C.F.R. §76.310 (MB Docket 23-203; FCC 24-29)","status":"in-force","summary":"Cable operators and DBS providers must state an aggregate price for video programming as a clear, easy-to-understand, accurate single line item on subscribers' bills (including legacy/grandfathered plans) and in promotional materials.","source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-76/subpart-H/section-76.310","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":false,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-fcc-allin-76310","topic":"all-in-pricing","instrument":"FCC All-In Pricing rule, 47 C.F.R. §76.310 (MB Docket 23-203; FCC 24-29)","in_force_date":"2024-04-19 (compliance 2024-12-19 large / 2025-03-19 small)","status":"in-force","requirement":"Cable operators and DBS providers must state an aggregate price for video programming as a clear, easy-to-understand, accurate single line item on subscribers' bills (including legacy/grandfathered plans) and in promotional materials.","applies_when":"Cable operators and DBS (satellite) video providers. Compliance required from 2024-12-19 (operators >$47M receipts) and 2025-03-19 (smaller operators).","penalty_max":"unspecified — FCC forfeiture authority","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"true","source_type":"legislative text (eCFR)","notes":"NOT vacated. Survived the FCC's 2025 'Delete, Delete, Delete' deregulation (GN Docket 25-133), which removed other Part 76 cable rules. Given the deregulatory posture, re-check for post-2026-07 action."}},{"id":"us-ftc-negopt-425-2024","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"FTC Negative Option Rule ('Click-to-Cancel'), 16 C.F.R. Part 425 (2024 amendments, incl. §425.6)","status":"vacated","summary":"Would have required: no misrepresentation of any material fact; clear and conspicuous disclosure of all material terms before billing; unambiguous affirmative consent to the negative-option feature; and a 'simple mechanism' to cancel at least as easy as sign-up, through the same medium, with no requirement to speak to a live/virtual agent if sign-up did not require one. Never took effect.","source_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/11/15/2024-25534/negative-option-rule","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":true,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-ftc-negopt-425-2024","topic":"cancellation-method","instrument":"FTC Negative Option Rule ('Click-to-Cancel'), 16 C.F.R. Part 425 (2024 amendments, incl. §425.6)","status":"vacated","requirement":"Would have required: no misrepresentation of any material fact; clear and conspicuous disclosure of all material terms before billing; unambiguous affirmative consent to the negative-option feature; and a 'simple mechanism' to cancel at least as easy as sign-up, through the same medium, with no requirement to speak to a live/virtual agent if sign-up did not require one. Never took effect.","applies_when":"Would have applied to nearly all negative-option offers, B2C and B2B, across all media.","penalty_max":"53088","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"false","source_type":"regulator rulemaking (Federal Register)","notes":"VACATED IN ENTIRETY: Custom Commc'ns, Inc. v. FTC, No. 24-3137, 2025 WL 1873489 (8th Cir. July 8, 2025) (per curiam), on procedural grounds — the FTC skipped the §22 preliminary regulatory analysis required once the ALJ found >$100M annual economic impact. Compliance date would have been 2025-07-14. Widely and wrongly still described as live US law. §425.6 text (Cornell) reflects the vacated version."}},{"id":"us-dot-ancillary-fees","dataset":"subscriptions","jurisdiction":"US Federal","instrument":"DOT 'Enhancing Transparency of Airline Ancillary Service Fees' rule, 89 FR 34620 (14 C.F.R. Parts 250/259/399)","status":"vacated","summary":"Would have required airlines and ticket agents to disclose fees for a first/second checked bag, carry-on, and change/cancellation the first time fare/schedule results appear. Never enforced.","source_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/30/2024-08076/enhancing-transparency-of-airline-ancillary-service-fees","source_status":"verified","not_live_law":true,"detail":{"rule_id":"us-dot-ancillary-fees","topic":"pre-checkout-disclosure","instrument":"DOT 'Enhancing Transparency of Airline Ancillary Service Fees' rule, 89 FR 34620 (14 C.F.R. Parts 250/259/399)","status":"vacated","requirement":"Would have required airlines and ticket agents to disclose fees for a first/second checked bag, carry-on, and change/cancellation the first time fare/schedule results appear. Never enforced.","applies_when":"Airlines and online ticket agents selling US air transportation.","penalty_max":"n/a — vacated","penalty_currency":"USD","enforced":"false","source_type":"regulator rulemaking (Federal Register)","notes":"Stayed 2024-07-29 (5th Cir. panel); remanded 2025-01-28; VACATED en banc 2026-02-03, Airlines for America v. DOT, No. 24-60231, 166 F.4th 487 (5th Cir. 2026), for APA notice-and-comment failure on the cost study. DOT replacement rule 'Increasing Flexibility on Disclosure of Airline Ancillary Fees' (doc. 2026-13450) restored the 2011 framework, effective 2026-07-02."}}],"total":34,"coverage":{"corpus_total":34,"matched":34,"jurisdictions_in_corpus":["EU","France","Germany","UK","US Federal","US — California","US — Colorado","US — Illinois","US — Massachusetts","US — Minnesota","US — New York","US — Utah","US — Virginia"],"by_status":{"in-force":30,"enacted-not-yet-in-force":2,"vacated":2},"source_health":{"verified":29,"blocked":5},"dead_rules_included":2},"as_of":"2026-07-28","interpretation":"Reference data, not legal advice. Every row cites a primary source — legislative text, a regulator document, or a court opinion — and records whether that URL resolved when the corpus was built; \"blocked\" means the host refuses automated checkers, not that the citation is bad. Rows marked not_live_law were vacated, superseded, or never took effect, and are included deliberately: a rule wrongly believed to be in force is the most expensive error in this area. Verify against the cited source before relying on any row."},"_meta":{"request_id":"req_0941f6263cf7420380299f16aea1e2cf","product":"legal/subscriptions","version":"1.0.0","receipt_id":null,"cost":{"quoted":0,"charged":0,"currency":"USD","display":"0.000000"},"cache":{"hit":true,"age_s":25612},"provenance":{"sourcing_class":"B","upstream":["internal:legal-corpus@2026-07"],"fetched_at":"2026-10-13T10:44:06.306Z","license":"proprietary"},"freshness":{"as_of":"2026-07-28","staleness_s":25612},"confidence":1}}